Manfred Goldberg

was 13 when he was forced to labor in a Nazi camp, together with his mother, Rosa, and younger brother Hermann…

Children grow up
on experiences
me my mother Rosa my little brother Hermann
Some of the experiences,...
... which may have been horrifying
to adults...
... were just part of life.
Once we were incarcerated
in the camps...
... I think
we tended
to grow up
pretty fast.
I as a 13-year-old
had to go out and do sort
of a day's
slave
labor.
My brother Hermann
who was four years
younger...
... he was permitted
to stay in the camp.
One day...
we came home from work and...
...he and three other
young kids had been
picked up by some
SS members...
Since then he appears
to have vanished from
the face of the earth.
My mother survived, as I did.
But my younger brother... he almost certainly did not survive...
I'm saying "almost" because
to this day, we do not know his fate.
He just disappeared...

Young children were among the most vulnerable during the Holocaust, alongside the elderly and sick. The Nazis killed an estimated 1.5 million Jewish children, according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. They also killed tens of thousands of other “unwanted” minors, including Romani, Polish and mentally or physically disabled German children.

To this day, Manfred does not know what happened to his brother. He now lives in England, but returned to Germany in 2018 to lay a memorial stone for Hermann near where their family lived before the war.

Manfred Goldberg shares more memories in the documentary The Last Survivors, which is available to stream for free online.